Cyclo-Converter
Basic Principle of Operation The basic equivalent circuit of cycloconverter is shown in fig.1. Each two-quadrant converter (phase-controlled) is represented as an alternating voltage source, which corresponds to the fundamental…
Class A Biasing
An Amplifier’s Common Connection Transistors in amplifiers commonly use one of three basic modes of connection. A transistor has three connections (collector, base and emitter), whilst the input and output…
Amplifier
Amplifiers Introduction to Amplifiers An amplifier is used to increase the amplitude of a signal waveform, without changing other parameters of the waveform such as frequency or wave shape. They…
Binary Arithmetic
Binary Addition Rules Arithmetic rules for binary numbers are quite straightforward, and similar to those used in decimal arithmetic. The rules for addition of binary numbers are: Figure 1.Rules for…
Amplifier Parameters
Amplifier Parameters Any amplifier is said to have certain parameters. These are the particular properties that make the amplifier perform in a certain way, and so make it suitable for…
Amplifier Gain & Decibels
Amplification The Voltage Amplification (Av) or Gain of a voltage amplifier is given by: With both voltages measured in the same way (i.e. both RMS, both Peak, or both Peak…
Amplifier Bandwidth
Controlling Bandwidth Any amplifier should ideally have a bandwidth suited to the range of frequencies it is intended to amplify, too narrow a bandwidth will result in the loss of…
Power Semiconductor Devices
Power semiconductor devices first appeared in 1952 with the introduction of the power diode. The thyristor appeared in 1957.Thyristors are able to withstand very high reverse breakdown voltage and are…
Current limiting Reactors
The amount of fault current which flows depends on the reactance in the circuit. Reactors are therefore used in addition to limit the short circuit current and protect the system…
Transducers
Whatis a transducer? Transducer is a device that receives energy from one system and can be converted into another. If we give input to a transducer, it will give us…