Protective Zones
Protection zone is defined as the part of the power system which is protected by a certain protective scheme. It is established around each power system equipment. When the fault occurs on…
Mosfet
WHAT IS MOSFET? MOSFET is metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor. MOSFET is an important semiconductor device and widely used in many applications. The input impedance of MOSFET is much more than…
Cyclo-Converter
Basic Principle of Operation The basic equivalent circuit of cycloconverter is shown in fig.1. Each two-quadrant converter (phase-controlled) is represented as an alternating voltage source, which corresponds to the fundamental…
Analog Communication
Basic block diagram of communication system: Figure 1. Block diagram of Communication System Input transducer: The device that converts a physical signal from source to an electrical, mechanical or electromagnetic…
Class A Biasing
An Amplifier’s Common Connection Transistors in amplifiers commonly use one of three basic modes of connection. A transistor has three connections (collector, base and emitter), whilst the input and output…
Amplifier
Amplifiers Introduction to Amplifiers An amplifier is used to increase the amplitude of a signal waveform, without changing other parameters of the waveform such as frequency or wave shape. They…
Binary Arithmetic
Binary Addition Rules Arithmetic rules for binary numbers are quite straightforward, and similar to those used in decimal arithmetic. The rules for addition of binary numbers are: Figure 1.Rules for…
Amplifier Parameters
Amplifier Parameters Any amplifier is said to have certain parameters. These are the particular properties that make the amplifier perform in a certain way, and so make it suitable for…
Amplifier Gain & Decibels
Amplification The Voltage Amplification (Av) or Gain of a voltage amplifier is given by: With both voltages measured in the same way (i.e. both RMS, both Peak, or both Peak…
Amplifier Bandwidth
Controlling Bandwidth Any amplifier should ideally have a bandwidth suited to the range of frequencies it is intended to amplify, too narrow a bandwidth will result in the loss of…